A P by Updike Rebellion against Consumer

The power of consumer culture is capable of manipulating million of minds. Contemporary society, therefore, is reluctant to resist the commonalities and fashions of trends dictating by advertising and consumer-conditioned society. Conformist tendencies are also brightly revealed in the story called A P written by John Updike.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on A P by Updike: Rebellion against Consumer-Conditioned Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the story, the author emphasizes the overwhelming dependence of society on the commodity culture and other consumer trends that make people adhere to the mass consciousness. However, Sammy, the protagonist of the story, is among the pioneer who manages to oppose to the constructed system and prove to himself that he is able to express personal views on societal culture. Despite the criticism of the story representing it as an absurd action of a teenager attracte d by girls, the story provides a message about the consequences for the welfare of society. Sammy can be regarded as a hero who tries to resist the conformist culture and express his personal view on social structure. In the story, the protagonist realizes that people are assimilated into the corporate culture represented in the grocery store. From the very beginning, Sammy firmly believes that is not like those people visiting the story. He calls them â€Å"sheep† and â€Å"house-slaves† whose primary purpose is to ramble near the aisles of the story and search for various products they do not actually need: â€Å"A few house-slaves in pin curlers even looked around after pushing their carts past to make sure what they had seen was correct† (Updike 150). Sammy is sure that he cannot be compared to Stokesie whose only purpose is to be promoted on a career ladder. He is not identified with Lendel either, whose only problem is haggling cabbages and hiding behind t he door office. Sammy’s cynicism, sarcasm, and self-confidence builds a gap between consumer culture and the hero’s rebellion spirit. Sammy seems to support those who encourage a natural approach to leading life where there is no place for superficial demands dictated by the commodity culture. The protagonist does not want to be always a checkout clerk; go beyond the ‘store’ habits of people.Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The emerged conflict, therefore, is inside the main hero because he is uncertain about his future. But what is for sure is that his rebellion spirit will be directed at adhering to the established frames of stereotypical behavior. Sammy choose not to follow the fashion of the newly emerged youth generation and, at the same time, his is reluctant to follow his father steps. One of the managers, however, attempts to remind Sammy o f his obligations: â€Å"Sammy, you don’t want to do this to your Mom and Dad† (Updike 151). However, this phrase ignites the protagonist to make decision and leave the story. At the end of the story, the hero admits, â€Å"†¦how hard the world was going to be to me hereafter† (Updike 151). Though the hero proves that he is able to surpass the conventional boundaries, the society ignores his attempts to put aside the consumption habits and dictate new moral values. In conclusion, the story is a brightest example of how consumer culture negatively affects the habits and values in society. Sammy, the main hero of the story, can be regarded a sort of hero because of his attempt to confront the firmly established norms and patterns of behavior in community. His rebellion spirit allows him to look at the situation from a different angle. The reader, therefore, is able to learn the essence of anti-conformist trends. Works Cited Updike, John. â€Å"A P†. T he Norton Introduction to Literature. Eds. Alison Booth and Kelly Mays. US: W. W. Norton Company, 2010. Print. 149. This essay on A P by Updike: Rebellion against Consumer-Conditioned Society was written and submitted by user Cap'n Oz to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Writing the Why NYU Essay

Writing the Why NYU Essay SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you're applying to New York University, you'll need to submit both the regular Common App materials as well as the NYU supplement, which includes a short essay. At its heart, the NYU essay prompt asks you to answer a single straightforward question: why do you want to go to NYU? In this article, we'll fully analyze the "Why NYU?" essay prompt and what successful essays need to accomplish. We'll also go over potential topics to write about and look at the essay that got me into NYU's College of Arts and Science. First, however, we'll begin with a quick discussion of why schools ask students to write "why this school?" essays feature image credit: Sagie/Flickr What's the Point of "Why This School" Essays? While the Common App essay gives students a chance to showcase something of who they are that might not be evident elsewhere in their application, the "why [school]?" essay allows students space to explicitly state why they are such a good match for the school. Presumably, if you're applying to the school, your test scores, grades, course rigor and curriculum, extracurriculars, and volunteer experience all put you at least somewhat in line with other students at the school. The "why this school?" essay is your opportunity to discuss not just why you could excel at the school, but why you are a good fit (and why you want to go there). "Why this school" essays are also a useful way for schools to judge student interest in a school (which can indicate whether or not a student will attend if admitted). Based on students' "why this school?" essays, colleges can distinguish students who are specifically interested in attending that school from students who clearly applied just because of the school's location or ranking Writing a strong "why [school]?" essay not only gives you another instance to showcase your writing and reasoning skills, but also tells the school that you care enough to invest time in researching what makes them special. It signifies that you have put in the time to realize whether or not you're a good fit. (And, it secondarily shows that having put in that time, you're more likely to attend if admitted than someone who just wrote some generic statements about why they want to attend college). For a more in-depth look at what schools hope to get out of your "Why [This School]?" essays, read this article. Colleges want you to show you've taken the time to think about why you want to apply. Tiffa Day/Flickr. Why NYU Essay Prompt, Analyzed Here's the complete NYU supplement essay prompt for 2018: We would like to know more about your interest in NYU. We are particularly interested in knowing what motivated you to apply to NYU and more specifically, why you have applied or expressed interest in a particular campus, school, college, program, and/or area of study? If you have applied to more than one, please tell us why you are interested in each of the campuses, schools, colleges, or programs to which you have applied. You may be focused or undecided, or simply open to the options within NYU's global network; regardless, we want to understand - Why NYU? (400 word maximum) Besides the standard "what motivated you to apply to [school]?" question that almost every "why this school" essay asks, the NYU prompt gives you one extra nudge for what to focus on in your essay. Specifically, NYU wants you to talk about what's drawn you to "a particular campus, school, college, program, and/or area of study?" (or, if you're drawn to more than one, why you're drawn to each campus/school/college/program/area of study). Keep in mind that you should be discussing all of this in the context of NYU. Obviously, if you're interested in NYU because of one of their 10 undergraduate schools, then that's particular to NYU, but the same goes for their campus locations, programs, and areas of study. For instance, if you're passionate about studying theater, you wouldn't just write that you want to attend NYU because you love theater and NYU has a theater program and is in New York, a city that has theater; that description could apply to half a dozen schools. Instead, you'd go into the details of what attracts you about specific classes and professors at Tisch, or other opportunities that are unique to NYU (ability to do certain kinds of projects, the potential for interdisciplinary collaboration, etc). The final sentence of this prompt also hints at a few different directions you can go with your "Why NYU" essay: You may be focused or undecided, or simply open to the options within NYU's global network; If you're already certain of what you want to study in college or have a "spike", you'll want to go the "focused" route in your essay. This means mentioning specific classes, professors, programs, or how you see NYU supporting your future career/academic plans. On the other hand, perhaps you're not at all sure what you want to study in college (AKA me in high school). In that case, you'll shape your essay more around how you believe going to NYU will allow you to explore many different avenues to find your passion. Finally, if you already know that you want to spend time abroad during college in a place where NYU has a campus, you can emphasize your interest in continuing to receive an NYU-level academic education while living in another country. Abu Dhabi is one of several cities NYU has campuses in. Potential "Why NYU?" Essay Topics Earlier, we briefly touched upon some topics that you might write about in your essay, including specific courses/teachers/programs and study abroad opportunities. We're now going to take those broad topic categories and go into a little more depth for how to write about them in your "Why NYU?" essay. Colleges/Programs NYU has the following 10 undergraduate schools, colleges, and programs: College of Arts Sciences Gallatin School of Individualized Study Liberal Studies Meyers College of Nursing School of Professional Studies Silver School of Social Work Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development Stern School of Business Tandon School of Engineering Tisch School of the Arts Because there are so many different undergraduate programs within NYU, it's a good idea to identify which program(s) you're applying to and why in your NYU supplement essay. Since you'll need to decide on a program before applying to NYU anyway, you might as well use the time you spend reading about each college to figure out if there are any programs within particular colleges that call out to you. For instance, if you're interested in the intersection of different fields (like psychology and computer science, or biology and philosophy/ethics) and are self-motivated to create your own program of study, you should talk about that in your application to the Gallatin School of Individualized Study. If you've spent the last 12 years devoting all your extra time in and out of school to theatre and want to attend a conservatory with opportunities to go see live theatre, then write about that in your application to Tisch. Courses/Professors NYU is a world-renowned university for a reason, and it's not just because of its immense real estate holdings; it has a wide variety of courses and professors renowned in their fields. If one of the main reasons you're drawn to NYU is for its academics, then this is a good topic to get into in your supplemental essay. Flip through the online course catalogs and read about professors in departments you're interested in. Are there any classes you really want to take (that seem particular to NYU)? Or any professors you absolutely have to study with? You don't need to go so far as to read the professors' research or anything like that (unless you're super excited by it!), but doing even a little research into the courses and professors you'd be learning from and mentioning it in your "Why NYU?" essay will go a long way toward showing the admissions officers that you're serious enough about NYU to check out its specifics. Extracurricular Opportunities and School Traditions If there's an extracurricular at NYU that you've been particularly involved in during high school (or are excited to start getting involved in at college), you can write about it, as long as you're clear about why it's something unique to NYU. In a similar vein, you can also try reading through some of the campus-wide events offered throughout the year and see if there's anything special about them that speaks to you. NYU's annual Strawberry Festival boasts the longest strawberry shortcake in NYC. NYU Essay: Topics to Avoid The "Why NYU" essay prompt makes it pretty clear that you should focus your 400 words around a specific college/program/area of study. What you absolutely should avoid is gushing about NYU's location (whether you're applying to the New York campus or not). Back when I applied to NYU, the "why NYU?" essay prompt was even more blunt about not centering your essay around New York City: "Many students decide to apply to NYU because of our New York City location. Apart from the New York City location, please tell us why you feel NYU will be a good match for you." If New Yorkers have heard it all and seen it all before, NYU admissions officers have certainly read any and all paeans you could care to write to New York City. It's fine to write about how being in New York gives you access to opportunities relevant to your course at NYU (e.g. you can get amazing internship opportunities for journalism and theatre there that you wouldn't be able to get anywhere else). However, you need to be clear to center your essay around the program at NYU, with the New York location (and its opportunities) being an added bonus. Unless you have a unique take on why NYU's location is so important to you (e.g. your grandparents used to live in a building that was demolished to make way for Bobst law library and you were brought up on vengeance that has since turned to adoration), stay away from NYU's location in your explanation of why you want to go there. New York City may be the fifth character in Sex and the City, but it shouldn't make a cameo in your "Why NYU?" essay. Brainstorming for the Why NYU Essay Before you start to narrow in on what angle you'll take in your "Why NYU?" essay, you should first examine your reasons for applying to NYU. By "examine," we don't just mean "list your reasons"- we mean you need to go a few levels deeper into each surface reason that occurs to you. For example, this is the list of reasons I had for applying to NYU (roughly in order of importance): My test scores and grades/course rigor make it likely I'll get in NYU has lots of good schools and programs It's easy enough to get from NYU to my family, transportation-wise On the face of it, none of these reasons are very compelling. If I'd just gone on to write my "Why NYU?" essay (or in those days, essays) with those three bullet points, I doubt I would have been accepted. Want to build the best possible college application? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. We know what kinds of students colleges want to admit. We want to get you admitted to your dream schools. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in. Instead, I went deeper with each reason to see if there was anything there I could mine for the NYU supplement essay. Surface Reason 1: My test scores and grades/course rigor make it likely I'll get in. One level deeper: I'm applying to NYU as a safety school, because I'm pretty sure I'll get in there, even if I don't get in anywhere else, and I'd want to go there if I got in. Should I write about this in my "why NYU" essay? Definitely not. No school wants to hear that it's a safety (even if it's a safety you would be fine with attending because it's still a good school). Surface Reason 2: NYU has lots of good schools and programs. One level deeper: I'm extremely undecided about what I want to study- I know that I'm interested in English (Creative Writing), Math, Neuroscience, Chinese, and Music, but I might end up deciding to study something entirely different in college. It's important to me that I go somewhere that I'll have the opportunity to explore all of my interests (and develop more), which I can do at NYU. Should I write about this in my "Why NYU" essay? This reason is definitely promising, although I'll need to do more research into the particular programs and courses at NYU so I can namedrop (and incidentally to double-check that I'm right about being able to study all these things there!). Surface Reason 3: It's easy enough to get from NYU to my family, transportation-wise. One level deeper: My parents want there to be good transportation options for me visiting home (or them visiting me). NYU's location (New York City) definitely makes that possible (there's easy access to planes, trains, buses, rental cars, fixed-gear bikes†¦). Should I write about this in my "Why NYU" essay? Probably not. The prompt asks me about why I've expressed interest in a particular campus, school, college, program, and/or area of study, not a geographic area. Plus, it's not like there aren't plenty of other New York schools. I maybe could throw in this reason if I'm running short on things to say, but as it is, it looks like my second reason is going to be the best bet for the "Why NYU?" essay. Why NYU Essay Sample Below, I've created a "Why NYU?" essay example that draws verbatim from what I used in my (successful) NYU application. (The essay requirements were slightly different then, with different word counts, so I had to expand a little upon what I originally wrote.) I feel NYU would be a good match for me because of the number and kinds of programs it has. I am very interested in a variety of subjects, and NYU seems to encompass everything. In fact, I'm applying to the College of Arts and Sciences because I can’t specify my interests any more than that at this time. I have so many things that I want to learn that I can’t imagine limiting myself before I even enter college. Take Chinese, for example. I'm learning Mandarin now (and have been for the last five years), but I would also like to learn Cantonese. There are not many other schools that offer Cantonese classes that can boast trips into Chinatown as part of the curriculum! Furthermore, I am excited by the possibility of studying abroad at NYU Shanghai. I'd not only be able to go to China for a semester for a year and immerse myself in the language and culture, but I'd be able to do so with the continuity of being on an NYU campus, even halfway across the world. The music theory program in the College of Arts and Sciences also really interests me. I've picked up some theory here and there, but I haven't had all that much formal training. I'm also really intrigued by NYU's early music ensemble and the chance to explore different modes and tunings. At the other end of the spectrum, while I've written a few pieces on my own and taught myself a little bit about MIDI, I have not really had a chance to experiment very much with computer/electronic composition, and would really like to use those Steinhardt facilities that would be available to me at NYU to help remedy this. Finally, I cannot stress enough how important reading and creative writing are to me. Because of how much the two feed into one another, I'm excited by NYU's Reading Series and the potential to be able to attend organized events for interacting with other writers outside the classroom. The opportunity to expand my Chinese language abilities beyond Mandarin (and have the chance for practical application) is what first intrigued me; the chance to explore computer music and get my hands on NYU's facilities was the next breadcrumb; but the breadth and depth of the courses for writing lure me in even more, until I can resist no further. This essay isn't necessarily the best piece of writing I've ever done. However, it still effectively conveys my desire to attend NYU because I mention a few key reasons I want to attend NYU: The variety of courses available. I began by stating that I'm undecided and part of what attracts me to NYU is the opportunity to get to do lots of different things. I then go on to discuss several different examples. Specific NYU opportunities. I looked up various courses, events, and opportunities offered by different departments and mentioned a couple of them specifically (the Reading Studies program for creative writing, Cantonese classes, studying abroad in China). While I did mention a New York City thing (going into Chinatown), it was linked with something that's relatively NYU-specific (the opportunity to study Cantonese as well as Mandarin). Eden, Janine and Jim/Flickr. Tips for the Why NYU Essay To wrap up, we've summarized our top four tips for writing the "Why NYU?" essay. #1: Look over the descriptions of the different schools/programs. This will help you figure out both which one you want to apply to as well as what makes those schools interesting for you to apply to. #2: Read through the course catalog and look up professors in departments you're interested in. As the NYU Admission blog states, you don't have to go overboard in stating exactly what course you want to take with what professor at what time, but you should demonstrate that you're aware of what kinds of things you will be able to do and learn while at NYU #3: Look into whether there are any extracurricular activities or NYU traditions that particularly appeal to youand explain why they matter specifically to you. #4: Avoid writing odes to New York City. If there are particular opportunities you're interested in that are only available in New York (e.g. internships at the American Museum of Natural History, research into immigration history at Ellis Island) you can mention it, but don't lean too heavily on the location. #5: Remember that while you should make it clear why you want to attend NYU with your essay, you don't need to agonize for hours over it. Ultimately, other parts of your application (including your test scores and grades/course rigor, letters of recommendation, and personal statement) are more important factors to your acceptance than your NYU supplement essay is. You just need to show that you've done at least a little research into NYU and why you want to apply there in particular. And if along the way you find that you don't really have a super good reason that's getting you excited to apply to NYU? It might be worth reconsidering whether or not you should apply there. What's Next? Have a bunch more college-specific supplement essays to write? Be sure to check out our overview of the "why this college" essay. Looking for application tips for other selective schools? Read our complete guides to the University of California system and to the Georgetown application. Should you apply early or regular decision to college? Find out the pros and cons of early decision in this article. (And read up on the distinctions between early decision, early action, and the different kinds of each here.) Want to write the perfect college application essay? Get professional help from PrepScholar. Your dedicated PrepScholar Admissions counselor will craft your perfect college essay, from the ground up. We'll learn your background and interests, brainstorm essay topics, and walk you through the essay drafting process, step-by-step. At the end, you'll have a unique essay that you'll proudly submit to your top choice colleges. Don't leave your college application to chance. Find out more about PrepScholar Admissions now:

The walt disney company (competitive analysis) PowerPoint Presentation

The walt disney company (competitive analysis) - PowerPoint Presentation Example What is therefore important to understand that in order to perform the competitive analysis of Walt Disney, it is critical to consider Walt Disney as a brand rather than analyzing the firm’s competition in different segments of the business? Three of the most important competitors of Disney include News Corporation , Time Warner Inc and NBC Universal Media Inc. News Corporation is involved in different businesses including News, Movies and publishing. It operates the Fox News channel as well as the Fox Filmed entertainment thus competing on two different counts with Disney. It is important to note that New Corporation is also in the business of publishing and publishes world renowned magazine on the stock market with the name of The Wall Street Journal and the Times London. Apart from this, the News Corporation also owns and operates the book publishing giant of HarperCollins thus having presence in different segments of the same line of business. Time Warner is the third larg est media company in the world after Disney and New Corp and is considered as one of the giants in the industry after these firms. Time Warner is also in the business of television, films and publishing and has relatively reputable market recognition for presenting successful movies over the period of time.

Marketing communication 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marketing communication 2 - Essay Example The empowerment of the customers with respect to the availability of information was really understandable by the case of the departmental store of a friend of mine that was seriously affected because of the improper marketing communication. The departmental store of the friend was performing well within the periphery of the expectations in the couple of years since inception but soon it started to exhibit poor performance. The sales revenue was severely hit. External experts, those were employed by the store, investigated and observed that the failure of the firm even though it maintained quality goods and services, was primarily because of the lack of the marketing initiatives and rusty performance of the marketing department. The departmental store basically targeted the middle income groups and middle aged families especially those where both of the spouses were working. In order to meet the needs of the working customers, the departmental stores remained open for all round the clock, seven days a week. Also, the store provided facilities like home delivery of the purchased items free of charge at the convenient hours along with online purchasing. The store also aimed to grab the lower income strata of the society as it proposed and implemented various sales promotion methods. The goals and the objectives of the marketing communication plan would essentially be to reinstate the departmental store with its glory and pride in the city of its existence. Also, the marketing communication plan would essentially aim to make target customers aware about the various sales promotional offers and schemes and increase the footfalls and thereby to increase the revenue. The marketing communication plan should be such that it inculcates the various mechanisms of effective marketing communication. The decision to visit the store and purchase from the store should be depicted as that of high involvement as per FCB Grid Model and the schemes and

Gender, Trade and Religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Gender, Trade and Religion - Essay Example According to Drislane and Parkinson, Patriarchy is â€Å"literally rule by the father but generally it refers to a social situation where men are dominant over women in wealth status and in all other aspects† (Online Dictionary of the Social Sciences). Since the time of creation women had been assigned the natural role of childbearer, homemaker and pleaser of their husband’s every whim. She didn’t chose, she was chosen. As in the case of biblical Leah and Rachel who were both given to Jacob in exchange of 14 years of labor. Or in the case of Rebekah, who was given to Isaac in exchange for gold, silver and other jewelries (Genesis 29:16-28). For thousands of millenia, the lot of women had been dictated by Patriarchy. When men had discovered that by bartering and trading, gargantuan profits could be amassed, women were either given away by their fathers in exchange for something dear or they served as courtesans to the foreign traders mostly with the knowledge and blessing of the fathers (Whitfield 133 ). To my opinion, this inhumane status of women being either given, bartered or rented by the hour as a result of international trade and contacts by the native populace with foreign merchants, soldiers and other kibitzers is the most interesting and important idea that we can put forward regarding gender relations in history. In the Indian epic poem of Ramayana, 2 Sita was given away in marriage to Rama because Rama succeeded in wielding the "mighty bow of Siva" a possession of Sita's father, King Janaka (Narayan 23). In utter obeisance to paternal pressure, Sita acceded. In The Analects of Confucius, out of 20 chapters of desiderata that compel the men to follow or avoid, only four sentences pertained to women, two of them were outright shocking to modern civilization. One says "The Master said of Kung-ye Ch'ang that he might be wived.Accordingly, he gave him his own daughter to wife" and "Of Nan Yung.He gave him the daughter of his own elder brother to wife" (Confucius chapter 5). Confucianism then, was the worst because women were not bartered or exchanged but outrightly given away gratis et amore. In the African Igbo tribe in Nigeria where polygamy is being practiced by men, women are not allowed to choose their husbands but they are given away after negotiations by groups representing both sides (Achebe xxx ). Since the subject matter of this paper involves gender relations as a result of international trade which also result to the spread of religion, nothing else illustrates this situation better than the Silk Road of olden days as all 3 elements are interlaced together. We therefore focus on the Silk Road phenomenon. The Silk Road is one of the world's most important and oldest trade route leading to ancient China. It was made possible because ancient China especially during the Han Dynasty was reputed to be the wealthiest and the most civilized among all nations and it had so many important and useful products to offer to the rest of humanity. Some of these are silk, porcelain, jade, lacquer ware, pearls, rubies, diamonds, satin, musk and rhubarb (Wood 9, 13-23).

Literature Review On Inventory Control Management Finance Essay

Literature Review On Inventory Control Management Finance Essay The Assam Tea Corporation is a pioneer in producing high quality tea having its own processing plant with an excellent implication of inventory control. The main aim of this report is to conduct a literature review on the inventory control management and the operations in practice of the Assam Tea corporation processing plant where I was employed. The company has an efficient structure of inventory control and has set a standard for other companies in the same operation in that area .The company produces a high quality tea mostly meant for export in the form of CTC and Orthodox tea. The product of the company is world famous for its high quality taste. They offer state of the art infrastructure in the processing plant with a highly trained employee and efficient way if inventory control. They have various units in the processing plant i.e, starting from the picking up of green leaves which is the major part of raw material.The company has own plantation unit from where the raw material is readily available. Moreover they have tie ups with other local tea gardens to ensure a steady supply of tea leaves.The tea processing unit is a complex mechanical process works under the principle of operation management and inventory control.The function of it is a crucial one which has to deal with seasonal and cyclical fluctuations of demand persisting in the market .The inventory control has to deal with waste management in the unit by finding out the optimum level of demand .The seasonal fluctuations is mainly incorporated with the monsoon season where the production of tea leaves at the peak level.I was assigned with the responsibility of th e assistant manager operations in the processing unit. This report mainly encounters with the various concept of inventory control and its management undertaken by an organisation with stress on inventory and its effective control.It deals with the cost related with the inventory and its profile,Usage of probabilistic estimate of demand and overall role of the inventory control in a tea processing unit .There are various issues how to improvise the situations and improve the competitiveness related to the issues .The method applied to prepare this report with a high concentration on the textbooks and the web-source related to operations management .The information collected through all the experimentations observed and finally resorted to website and standard textbook of operations management. 2.Literature Review 2.1 What is inventory Inventory has a multilevel function in the process unit and the firms used to maintain mainly four level of inventories Raw material-This is the unprocessed form of the item which can be utilisied from varied number of suppliers .This form should be used to find out the superior form by removing the supply variability in quality,quanity or time of delivery. Work-in process(WIP) inventory-This is an intermediary form of inventory when the raw materials undergone a change but not completed. Maintanence/repair /operations(MRO) inventory- 2.2 INVENTORY CONTROL MANAGEMENT In this part of analysis importance should be given when to order and how much to order.The model which are based on independent demand can be divided into three. 1.Basic Economic Order quantity(EOQ) model 2.Production order quantity 3.The quantity discount model Basic Economic Order Quantity model This is the most common form of the inventory control technique .The technique is based upon following assumptions- Production order quantity model The model is applicable under two situations.Firstly,When the order is placed there is continuous flow of inventory.Secondly,the units are produced and sold simultaneously.In the case of Assam Tea Corporation processing unit both these situations are prevalent.In this model daily production rate is determined on the basis of daily rate of demand. It is useful when inventory build up is a continuous process over the time and assumption of traditional Economic Order conditions holds valid.It is the situation where the optimum order size Q* is estimated with an equality in set up cost to holding cost,The production order quantity model: Q=Number of pieces per order H=Holding cost per unit per year P=Daily production rate d=Daily demand rate or usage rate t=Length of the production run in days The final expression for optimal level of inventory Q* is- Probabilistic model with constant lead time Probailistic model with constant leadtime is highly relevant.In the presence of uncertain demand ,the management of the company faces challenges to maintain adequate service level.The service level can be complimented by the probability of a stock out isà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦To reduce stock out the company can hold inventory as safety stock. Whereas if Reorder point=ROP=dxL With the addition of safety stock,the expression becomes=ROP=dxL+SS However annual stock out costs=The sum of the unit shortxthe probabilityxThe stock out cost per unitxthe number of orders per year 2.2 COST OF INVENTORY In case inventory control analysis there are various costs involved in the overall process.The cost of inventory is calculated in the form of unit values.However major segment of the inventory cost can be discussed as follows- THE CARRYING COST OF INVENTORY In this segment of costs of carrying items of inventories are included.This is the cost of running a warehouse,cost that are incurred on handling and counting,costs involved in special storage ,damage and lost,insurance,tax and wornout costs. THE ORDERING OR SET UP COST This is the cost which is associated with placing an order and replenishment.This cost includes all the form of orders,establishment cost needed to ensure it,inspection and receiving cost,handling the vendor invoice and the cost necessary to meet unexpected situation. This may be a cost of skilled mechanic charged as per his technical specification.There are various arguments whether the cost of the skilled mechanic is a fixed cost .But Kaplan (1988),all the costs involved in the long term is virtually variable cost where in that period a person can be fired,a plant can come to shutdown. INSUFFICIENT CAPACITY COST The cost involved here is meant to avoid the stockout cost.In the case of production process ,it is the emergency cost needed for emergency replacement of the production equipment to enhance the output level,cost involved to speed up the process,rescheduling and assigned work in split up version. SYSTEM CONTROL COSTS This is the type of cost appeared in the operation process as per selection of decision system.This includes acquisition,storage,maintanence and computation of the data.The treaining instituted by the organization and employee verification is also falls in the category costs. In Assam Tea Corporation ,there are a number of costs involved in different level of operation processes .The green leaves are initially plucked from the plantation unit and allowed to undergo different processes like picking ,wilting ,bruishing ,oxidation/fermentation ,firing,yellowing,shaping,drying and curing to get the final product. In the processing unit ,one of the major cost incurred by the company is warehousing the tea product as well as the green leaves.If the fresh leaves are not stored properly there is a greater possibility of being dried up and becomes waste.The insurance cover and tax are also one of the component. The cost of placing an order is one of the significant part of the processing unit.There is an inspection unit in the company which takes account of quality control in the unit.There is the cost of technicians expertise in that specific line During the peak season as the production process is a complex mechanical one.During the peak season ,especially during monsoon,there is always extra cost of utilizing extra-capacity,expediate the process.In that situation temporary workers are employed on the basis of shift duty with overtime bonus has to be paid. The company has to bear the cost on information system and its maintanence as it uses a data warehousing software.With the present environment of rapid change in the technology the company has to provide training for skill enhancement training to its manpower.This has been done with Tocklai Tea Research Centre,one of the leading Tea research institute .The training cost and performance analysis cost is formed as one of the cost. KEY VARIABLES IN INVENTORY MANAGEMENT 1.REPLENISHMENT LEAD TIME It is the time between placing an order and to meet the final demand of the customer physically. 2.REORDER POINT It is the point of the inventory level where the replenishment of stocked item takes place. Where ROP=dxL where d is the demand per day,L is the leadtime for a new order in days 3.SAFETY STOCK A buffer stock to meet up an uneven demand. OPERATION PROCESS UNIT OF TEA The Assam Tea Corporation has its processing unit for production of CTC() and Orthodox tea in the form of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.which account for almost 80% of the main production whereas the other form of teas are produced at paltry 20%. The tea processing begins with flushing of tea from Camellia Sinensis(Botanical name of tea) and after that it is dried for brewing of tea,oxidization of leaves and ,stopping oxidization ,drying of leaves ,and oxidation has a main part to bring the final flavor of tea. The company produces variety of tea through different processes which can be visualised with the aid of flow-chart diagram. The process itself starts from the left hand side of the flow chart with the operation of stocking into raw material or fresh green leaves.The processing unit of the Assam Tea Corporation is highly engaged in production of black tea and green tea which constitutes 80% of the output whereas other constitutes 20% of the total production. For obtaining a black tea(the red coloured flow chart) as the final product it can be seen in the diagram that after getting the fresh leaves the process undergoes with indoor witting,the CTC with full oxidation rolled to the drying unit done through desiccation and finally drying at optimum temperature,the black tea can be obtained. While for green teaTthe green coloured flow chart) after steaming and panning it is rolled to get the desirable form and finally dried to get green tea.The whole system of operation can be divided into following important parts- 1.Picking A terminal bud and two leaves are plucked from Camelia Sinensis. 2.Wilting With an oxidation done in the presence of enzyme ,the tea leaves are wilted to remove the excess water from leaves. 3.Brushing To expediate oxidation ,the tea leaves are let to fall in buckets and rolled over by wheels. 4.Oxidation/Fermentation The major operation of oxidation was to break down the the chlorophil and relax the tannin,as the leaves are kept in a climate control room. 5.Kill green/Firing To stop the oxidation at desired level and restore the flavor this step is done. 6.Yellowing It is done in a close container after firing to obtain beverage of yellow tea. 7.Shaping After yellowing it is rolled into stripe wrinkles 8.Drying This is done to get the ultimate product or tea for sale. PROBLEMS RELATED WITH INVENTORY CONTROL IN TEA PROCESSING UNIT In the tea business it is the monsoon which has a direct effect on the production of the green tea leaves which is the main raw material for the processing .In case ,there is good rainfall the yield of the leaves goes up and supply becomes steady.In that season the production unit of the tea garden is at greater stress with low lead time which means shorter time gap in the production system to wait,move,que and set-up and run time for each component produced.On the contrary,if there is low rainfall,the production of green leaves drops and lead time is more as the supply flow is less. However ,risk factor is present during the time of high production ,the tea leaves needs extra care so that it should not expose to moisture and in that case extra manpower is needed on shift duty basis to expedite the process.In the Assam Tea Corporation processing unit ,the production and sales takes place within a day.In this situation production order quabtity model is relevant as the firm is receiving its raw material over a period of time within a day which directly comes from the plucking unit.An optimum level of Q* is calculated to control the inventory. Recommendations In the view of the above discussion an optimum level of inventory can be obtained by reducing the waste in the following steps. 1.Inventory Planning An ideal inventory planning can take place with the arrival of new one immediately after the last unit sold/dispatched. 2.Establish order cycles In case of business with seasonal cycles it is important to establish a relationship of demand between sellers and suppliers. 3.Balance Inventory level Inventory level should be balanced looking into the matters related to market and budget. 4.Review Stocks The stocks should be reviewed as the obsolete one is equivalent to a dead capital. 5.Follow up of stocks The management should take the key decision about disposal,replacement and discontinuance of different inventory base. INVENTORY PLANNING DECISION IN TABULAR FORMAT COST AND OTHER IMPORTANT FACTORS SERVICE REQUIREMENT CUSTOMER ORDERING CHARACTERISTICS In this category ,the most important part is customer expectations and competitive practices,time management and influence on customer. Order characteristics include order timing and size,information about large orders on the basis of standing orders. In the tea processing unit ,the customer always is in prompt mode as the order has to reach the market and meet the price fluctuation in the auction market. DEMAND PATTERNS SUPPLY SITUATION Demand pattern is always governed by variability and seasonality.Another important part is presence of substitutes and ability to forecast. The green tea leaves as an inventory effected by variability of the weather condition and effected by rainfall which determines yield of the tea leaves and it is the three quarter of the month the supply is streamlined and one quarter is without any production.The presence of substitute is low and as there is high fluctuation in the market forecasting is not an easy task. This a challenging part as to narrow down the lead time , the processing unit has to avoid any waste .At the same time reliability depends upon the flow of the inventory and at the same flexibility can be ensured with additional work force on call which can also expidiate the process. COST FACTOR NATURE OF THE PRODUCT Again the cost factor is governed by stock out cost which is also a probabilistic measure,there is also cost of carrying and space The nature of the product is perishable and moisture will make it obsolete OTHER ISSUES In the tea processing unit the crucial point is power supply and mechanical efficiency.

Celtic vs. Rangers: Catholicism vs. Protestantism :: Essays Papers

Celtic vs. Rangers: Catholicism vs. Protestantism Most European cities can boast of a professional football (soccer) club and a competitive rivalry with a neighboring team. However, Glasgow, Scotland is the home of one of the oldest and most heated rivalries in the world. Two of the most prestigious football clubs in Europe, Celtic and Rangers, both call Glasgow their home. The cross-town rivals first met on the pitch on February 28, 1888. At that point, "none of the 2,000 spectators at the game could have guessed that they were present at a historic occasion, for that evening marked the first of what was to become the most famous, long-lasting – and bitter – sporting rivalry in the history of football" (Murray 4). Almost a hundred years after the inaugural match, the conflict between fans came to fruition when Celtic and Rangers met in the 1980 Scottish Cup Final. Immediately following an entertaining and relatively problem free match, built up tension exploded into violent riots before anyone had even le! ft the stad ium. Celtic supporters, excited after the victory, rushed the field to celebrate with their beloved players. Angered by the loss and the expression of joy shown by their nemesis, Rangers fans also rushed the field. However, †¦There was no question of celebration in the minds of the fans who invaded from the West end of the ground. They had violence in mind and no sooner was it offered than it was returned with enthusiasm. The brutal and disgusting scenes which followed as bottles flew and drunken supporters charged and counter-charged from one end of the field to that other, brought disgrace upon the two clubs concerned, upon Scottish football generally, and were an affront to Scotland as a nation (Murray 196). The riots after the 1980 Scottish Cup Final acted as a springboard for the conflict between Celtic and Rangers. Before that game, the extent of the tension between the two groups had gone unrealized. However, the truth behind the violence on the field that day continues to plague the rivalry today. Despite the age-old on field rivalry, the tension between Celtic and Ranger supporters runs much deeper than what takes place on the soccer field. The conflict between the fans has erupted into violence on many occasions, with games between the two clubs ending in some of the worst riots and greatest tragedies in sporting history. Despite the tension created through competition, the origin of hatred between clubs and fans is not just the result of bad tackles and endless taunting.

Moll Flanders: From Innocence to Maturity Essay

Moll Flanders is the central character of the novel â€Å"Moll Flanders†, who was born in Newgate, England and passed different phases of her life across England and America. The entire novel depicts those phases of her life through five marriages, among which only one was fruitful. Between her marriages and through them, the character of Moll Flanders evolves which shows her ingenuity, energy and determination to survive and do well. Moll is born in a prison in Newgate and soon after her birth, her mother is deported to America alone, to serve her punishment. She is taken over by a group of gypsy, with whom she lived until she was three years old. Then she was raised by a nurse until she was eight. It was tradition that she should now find a job as a servant, like many other orphan children. However, this is when we see the first piece of Moll’s intelligence when she pleads that she could be a ‘gentlewoman’ with whatever little education and work skill she has achieved so far. Soon, she becomes a celebrity and was assisted by many women and finally was taken by one of the prominent families where she grows like the other daughters of the family. So, if we look thoroughly up to this phase of Moll’s life, we see the ingenuity of her character which she keeps growing over time through the rest of the novel. As the elder son of the family becomes physically intimate with Moll, she starts to become emotionally very intimate to him. She starts to believe that she could be a wife someday in that house. However, soon she turns wrong and learns the about the harshness male dominance. Later, she marries the younger brother and gives birth to 2 children. We see Moll starts to become self-sufficient through this phase of life. She understands that if she wants to get herself as a respectable woman in the society, she requires the identity of being married to a gentleman. However, it is also interesting to observe that she still preserves a sense of dignity in her. The thought of lying with the elder brother for financial reason disgusts her. But she grows a perspective which decides her reaction to such events and let her choose the appropriate course of action to survive. She becomes aware of the physical relationship but at the same time she becomes pragmatic and marries the elder brother. Soon after the death of her first husband, she gets married to a draper. But her second marriage does not last long either as the tradesman becomes a fugitive and runs away to France. And the wealth that Moll has achieved over the period of affair with the elder brother, comes down to less than half. And this is when she falls into a strange kind of problem of having no husband despite having one. But she finds a solution by concealing her true identity and becomes a trickster to get married again. It is notable that at this stage of her life, she realizes that being honest and devoted to relationship does not always settle a woman into a society. Her love for the elder brother is real but is not enough to achieve a stable life. Life teaches her to be tricky and she tricks her step-brother to marry her by vowing him that he would still marry her even if she is penniless. After being married for the third time, Moll goes to Virginia with her husband and starts to live a happy and prosperous life. However, that does not last long as the secret is soon revealed that she has married her own half-brother. Moll’s reaction at this stage of her life is quite contrasting to the rest of her reactions previously. So far she has exposed mostly the negative aspects of her character to get a sustainable life. However, despite being happy with her step-brother, she decides to leave her. This time her moral principle wins over other consideration and she expresses her disgust over this incestuous relationship. Even her own mother cannot convince her to forget everything and live the life. So, she returns to England by leaving behind a perfect life in America. As she returns to England, she starts to live in a place called Bath, which is known more to find a mistress than a wife. After three unsuccessful marriages, Moll becomes aware that she has to be very careful about her next relationship. She meets a banker who is ready to marry her but she denies after knowing that he already has a wife who is insane. She says she would only consider marrying him if the banker can obtain a divorce. This shows the sign of her being matured over time. She also meets another man named Jemy, who becomes her fourth husband and perhaps her best match. Jemy is another trickster, like Moll herself. So, this phase of Moll’s life shows her calculated treatment to the male companions and her sensitivity in getting married. However, she and Jemy cross each other in the same game and they fitted each other rightly, and in later life it proves right. So, at this segment of her life, we see the little morals and bits of wisdom which shows the ultimate maturity of Moll Flanders. Going through the life of Moll Flanders through her first four marriages, one might say she is hard to stand. But despite her less than appealing qualities, we see the development of a woman who leads a hard fought life. Interestingly, Daniel Defoe has chosen a character of low moral as the principal protagonist of this novel which is rather uncommon. But her imperfection and the nature of fluidness in her character glorify the fight of a woman from an era when they were seen as an inferior. And through the first four marriages, we see the evolution of an ordinary girl towards sensible maturity to sustain in a society which is vulnerable for women.

Natnl Missile Defense essays

Natn'l Missile Defense essays Ever since nuclear weapons of mass destruction have existed, people have been attempting to create ways to prevent a war that would bring about a worldwide Arma-geddon. Many of todays top military and government officials have been studying ways in which the United States can protect itself from a nuclear missile attack. What they have come up with is the National Missile Defense program, or NMD. The NMD would consist of a network of satellites, early-warning devices, and missiles pro-grammed to spot an incoming nuclear missile. When a nuclear missile is detected, the NMD would automatically launch the computer-guided interceptor missiles to seek out and destroy the incoming nuclear missile. This program, however, should not be im-plemented or researched any further. There are a few factors to support this claim. First, the NMD program is very costly. According to the website of the Federation of American Scientists, the projected total costs by the year 2005 will be close to $14 bil-lion dollars, obviously a large amount of money that could be well spent elsewhere. Second, the NMD program is ineffective. There are many ways for a rouge state or a terrorist group with nuclear capabilities to get around the NMD. Third, an American development of a NMD program would be a violation one of the most important inter-national nuclear weapons agreements of the nuclear age: the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (ABM). During the height of the cold war, the threat of a nuclear attack was real. Many citizens were afraid that an enemy state, most likely the Soviet Union, would launch nuclear missiles at the US. This fear was almost realized during the Cuban Missile cri-sis in 1962. Fortunately, that crisis passed without any nuclear missiles launched. The fear of an attack, however, stayed with many people. It became the goal of the United States to stockpile weapons, to use in the event of a nuclear attack from...

First Grade TECHNOLOGY Essays - Smart Devices, Distance Education

First Grade TECHNOLOGY Essays - Smart Devices, Distance Education First Grade TECHNOLOGY Technology The amount of technology that is used for teaching at a first grade level is phenomenal. In the first grade class I observed they used technology in almost every subject studied. Technology was used in English, Spelling, Science, Social Studies, Mathematics and Art. These children are more technologically literate than many adults that I know. One of the first technologies I encountered in the classroom was the computer based instruction center. At this center the children could pick from a range of programs used to teach spelling, math, science or social studies. At times the students were allowed to choose their own field of study and at other times they were directed to a specific topic such as science or social studies. The website we used was called brainpop.com and there was specific lessons available covering the holidays and the winter season. We would play a movie online and the kids would listen through headphones while cartoon figures told the story of Thanksgiving and the pilgrims or some similar story. A CD play with two sets of headphones was another use of technology in the classroom. Students would do a guided reading using reading books to follow along with a narration of the story. Although this technology isn?t exactly ground breaking the students really seemed to enjoy learning to read when guided by th e narrator. The most impressive technology used was the SMART board. The SMART board is a large interactive whiteboard developed by SMART technologies. The SMART board uses a PC and a projector to display on a whiteboard which acts as a huge touch screen. The interactive whiteboard accepts touch input from a finger, pen, or the keyboard. In our class the students practiced spelling, math and writing using the SMART board. This technology is very new to this class so Mrs. Friedrich was still learning the capabilities of it but the possibilities are huge. Plus the SMART board was definitely the favorite of the class. The interactive features kept the children?s interest although there was quite a bit of playing done. The SMART board is still new enough to the children to be exciting whereas the computer is now just

Lesson plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Lesson plan - Essay Example This model is prepares students to learn the art of substantiating their knowledge with empirical evidence and research. On the other hand, Aligned with college and career expectations-model is preferred because of its guidelines that are meant to prepare students to life after high school (Sloven, 2013). Finally, to prepare students based on informed-knowledge from other well-performing countries in readiness for global needs; is essential because of what it aims at preparing the students to meeting the expectations of the global economy (Canyon View Elementary, 2014). Meeting the diverse needs of learners within the three instructional models requires the teacher to exhibit the following: On Research and evidence based instruction model, the teacher ought to teach through explanation, by encouraging students to observe, by guided practice (Bell &Dolainski, 2005). For Aligned with college and career expectations, the teacher should continue to his/her scope and sequence to realize individual requirements of each student. Finally, the teacher ought to set clear and rigorous career readiness by demanding students to apply concepts to real issues affecting the world. This will effectively align the student with the demands of the global world. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the unit of study will depend on the outcome of the set out objectives. Each instructional model has its own objectives, and once they are met at the end of the course, it will automatically mean that the unit was effective. In conclusion, lesson plan is an essential tool of preparing how to achieve the set out objectives in a given unit. Nevertheless, this concept is not as simple as it might look. It requires self-sacrifice, as well as help from the school management, the government, and the students for the successive implementation of lesson

Immigrant Communities and the Trajectories of Othering Essay

Immigrant Communities and the Trajectories of Othering - Essay Example According to another of my writing pieces, the Social Security Administration affirms the illegal immigrants benefit American society. The immigrants pay taxes. The employers automatically withhold the taxes from the illegal immigrants. Lastly, the illegal immigrants buy U.S. goods and services. Accordingly, my other writing piece states the Hmong farmer ethnic race suffers from immigration hardships. Laos’ war-expelled Hmong people travelled around the world. The people suffer from not having a legitimate country. The U.S. immigration law favors the Hmong people (Yang 271). According to my other writing piece, immigrants do their best to be accepted by the U.S. society. The constitution protects the non-citizens. The dominant American population needs cheap labor. The constitution understands’ the plight of immigrants trying to escape from their home country’s life-threatening society, while sending money back home to their families (Mummert 7). According to my other writing piece, immigrants continue facing challenges trying to fit into American society. Immigrants try to be accepted by the new country’s residents. Oppression forces the immigrants to necessarily comply with the American society’s standards. The immigrants’ are forced to accept low wages. According to student Anna Sepeda’s research, othering includes affirming gender discrimination and race discrimination are realistically prevalent over the immigrant population. Sepeda correctly indicates immigrants usually start on the same footing (Mcintosh 91). Sepeda admits immigrants go through unbearable racial and gender discrimination in the new home. The immigration border patrol exercises selective race and gender discrimination. According to student Jake Helmandollar’s research, our nations’ immigration policies are tainted with racial and class issues (Clayton 261). Helmandollar affirms that the